UGC NET PAPER 1 · UNIT 06 · REVISION
Logical Reasoning Rapid-Recall Sheet
Each line is a typical direct-recall item. Use it in the last days of revision, after you have read the topics and the exam traps.
- 22 high-yield facts
- One page
- Type to filter
High-yield facts
| Item | Key fact |
|---|---|
| Argument | Premises + one conclusion; valid/invalid for deduction; strong/weak for induction; true/false for statements; sound = valid + true premises |
| A E I O | A distributes S; E both; I neither; O only P |
| Square | Contradictories A–O, E–I; Contraries A–E (both can be false); Subcontraries I–O (both can be true); Subalternation A→I, E→O |
| Conversion | A to I (limitation); E to E; I to I; O no |
| Obversion | All |
| Contraposition | A, O (and E by limitation); not I |
| Syllogism | 3 terms, 64 moods, 4 figures, 256 forms, 24 valid, 15 unconditional (Boolean). Middle term distributed at least once; no two negative premises; no two particular premises; negative premise gives negative conclusion |
| Figures | F1 Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio; F2 Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroko (conclusion always negative); F3 Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison (conclusion always particular); F4 Camenes, Dimaris, Fresison |
| Formal fallacies | Undistributed middle, illicit major/minor, exclusive premises, four terms, affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent |
| Informal | Relevance (ad hominem, baculum, misericordiam, populum, verecundiam, ignorantiam, ignoratio elenchi); presumption (petitio, complex question, false cause, accident, converse accident); ambiguity (equivocation, amphiboly, accent, composition, division) |
| Language | Informative, expressive, directive. Connotation = intension; denotation = extension; inverse relation |
| Mill | Agreement, Difference, Joint, Residues, Concomitant Variation |
| Venn | Shade = empty; X = at least one; test by diagramming premises only |
| Pramana count | 1 Charvaka; 2 Vaisheshika, Buddhism; 3 Samkhya, Yoga; 4 Nyaya; 5 Prabhakara; 6 Bhatta, Advaita |
| Sannikarsha | 6 laukika + 3 alaukika (samanyalakshana, jnanalakshana, yogaja) |
| Anumana | Purvavat, sheshavat, samanyatodrishta; svartha/parartha; kevalanvayi, kevalavyatireki, anvayavyatireki |
| 5 members | Pratijna, Hetu, Udaharana, Upanaya, Nigamana |
| Hetvabhasa | Savyabhichara, Viruddha, Satpratipaksha, Asiddha, Badhita |
| Upamana | Gavaya example |
| Shabda | Akanksha, yogyata, sannidhi (+ tatparya) |
| Arthapatti | Anyathanupapatti, fat Devadatta |
| Anupalabdhi | Four abhavas |
Where each fact is explained
Open the topic for the concept behind any line you cannot recall.
- 1 Basics: Argument, Statement, Truth, Validity
- 2 Categorical Propositions
- 3 The Categorical Syllogism
- 4 Other Forms of Argument
- 5 Fallacies
- 6 Uses of Language, Terms, Connotation and Denotation, Definitions
- 7 Induction and Analogy
- 8 Venn Diagrams and Testing Validity
- 9 Indian Logic: Means of Knowledge (Pramana Theory)
- 10 Pratyaksha (Perception)
- 11 Anumana (Inference)
- 12 Vyapti (Invariable Relation)
- 13 Hetvabhasas (Fallacies of Inference)
- 14 Upamana (Comparison)
- 15 Shabda (Verbal Testimony)
- 16 Arthapatti (Postulation or Implication)
- 17 Anupalabdhi (Non-apprehension)
- 18 Theories of Error (Khyativada)
- 19 Quick Revision and Exam Strategy
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