UGC NET PAPER 1 · CODE 00 · UNIT 02
UGC NET Paper 1 Research Aptitude: Detailed Study Notes
Every sub-topic is explained in the same three parts: Concept (read once, slowly), Memorise (names, dates and one-line facts) and Analyse / traps (the look-alike options that cost marks). Read the chapter in order, or search for any concept and jump straight to it.
- 6modules
- 29topics
- 157sub-topics
- 422memory points
- 157exam-trap notes
- 2.1 hto read once
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How to use these notes
- Round 1: ReadGo module by module. Read each Concept once, slowly; it is what lets you answer reasoning and “which statement is correct” questions.
- Round 2: ReviseSwitch on Revision mode on any topic page. You see only the Memorise points, the Analyse / traps notes and the comparison tables.
- Last week: RecallUse the rapid-recall sheet, re-read the traps, and practise MCQs topic by topic.
Full syllabus map
Every topic and sub-topic in this chapter, in study order.
Module 1Research: Meaning, Types and Paradigms
What research is, how it is classified, and the philosophy of knowledge behind it.
1BTypes of Research
Sub-topics
- 1B.1 Fundamental (Pure or Basic) Research
- 1B.2 Applied Research
- 1B.3 Action Research
- 1B.4 Fundamental, Applied and Action Research Compared
- 1B.5 Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Research
- 1B.6 Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Studies
- 1B.7 Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed-Methods Research
- 1B.8 Conceptual and Empirical Research
- 1B.9 Case Study, Experimental, Historical and Ex Post Facto Research
- 1B.10 Evaluation and Interdisciplinary Research
- 1B.11 Content Analysis, Census, Field, Laboratory Research and Meta-analysis
1CPositivism and Post-positivism
Sub-topics
- 1C.1 Positivism: Origins and Comte
- 1C.2 Positivism: Assumptions and Methodology
- 1C.3 Logical Positivism and the Verification Principle
- 1C.4 Popper and Falsification
- 1C.5 Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend and Paradigm Shift
- 1C.6 Post-positivism
- 1C.7 Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology
- 1C.8 Interpretivism, Constructivism and Critical Paradigms
- 1C.9 Research Paradigms and Triangulation
Module 2Research Methods
Experimental, descriptive, historical, qualitative and quantitative methods.
2AExperimental Method
Sub-topics
2BDescriptive Method
Sub-topics
2CHistorical Method
Sub-topics
2DQualitative Method
Sub-topics
2EQuantitative Method
Sub-topics
Module 3Steps of Research
From choosing a problem to writing the report: literature, hypotheses, design, sampling, data and analysis.
3AIdentifying and Selecting a Research Problem
Sub-topics
3BReview of Literature
Sub-topics
3CFormulating Hypotheses
Sub-topics
3DResearch Design
Sub-topics
3ESampling
Sub-topics
3FData Collection
Sub-topics
3GData Analysis and Interpretation
Sub-topics
3HReport Writing
Sub-topics
Module 4Thesis, Article and Academic Writing
Thesis and article structure, referencing styles, seminars and conferences.
Module 5ICT in Research
Digital tools for search, data collection, analysis, databases, referencing and plagiarism checking.
5ADigital Tools for Literature Search
Sub-topics
5BDigital Tools for Data Collection
Sub-topics
5CDigital Tools for Data Analysis
Sub-topics
5DOnline Databases and Repositories
Sub-topics
5EReference Managers
5FPlagiarism-checking Tools
Sub-topics
Module 6Research Ethics and Integrity
Ethical principles, plagiarism and academic integrity, consent, confidentiality and honest reporting.
6AEthical Principles in Research
Sub-topics
- 6A.1 Meaning and Purpose of Research Ethics
- 6A.2 Historical Codes: Nuremberg, Helsinki and Belmont
- 6A.3 Beneficence, Non-maleficence and Justice
- 6A.4 Ethics Committees and ICMR Guidelines
- 6A.5 Vulnerable Participants, Risk and Deception
- 6A.6 Conflict of Interest
- 6A.7 Research Misconduct: Fabrication, Falsification and Plagiarism
- 6A.8 Authorship and Publication Ethics
- 6A.9 Whistleblowing and Animal Research Ethics
- 6A.10 Research Integrity, Open Science and Questionable Practices
6BPlagiarism and Academic Integrity
Sub-topics
- 6B.1 Meaning and Types of Plagiarism
- 6B.2 Paraphrasing, Quotation and Citation Practice
- 6B.3 Copyright and Licences
- 6B.4 UGC 2018 Plagiarism Regulations
- 6B.5 Academic Integrity Values and Misconduct
- 6B.6 Questionable Research and Publishing Practices
- 6B.7 Authorship and Acknowledgement Issues
- 6B.8 Consequences and Notable Cases
- 6B.9 Plagiarism Detection and AI-related Issues
6CInformed Consent, Confidentiality and Honesty in Reporting Data
Sub-topics
- 6C.1 Informed Consent: Meaning, Elements and Rights
- 6C.2 Assent, Capacity and Special Populations
- 6C.3 Waiver, Inducement and Coercion
- 6C.4 Anonymity, Confidentiality and Privacy
- 6C.5 Data Protection Laws and Use of Data
- 6C.6 Honest Reporting and Reporting Bias
- 6C.7 Pre-registration, Transparency and Open Data
- 6C.8 Correcting Errors: Errata, Retractions and Honest Error
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