UGC NET LAW (058) · UNIT 04
UGC NET Law (058) Law of Crimes: Detailed Study Notes
Law of Crimes is now tested under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), but options still mix BNS and old IPC numbering and most case law was decided under the IPC. Every topic therefore gives the BNS section first and the IPC section in brackets. Topic 0 is the place to start: it holds the BNS at a glance, the IPC to BNS conversion table and the exam pattern. Topics 1 to 3 are the general part (liability, inchoate crimes, general exceptions); Topics 4 to 9 are the offences; Topic 10 is punishment; Topic 11 is a final revision sheet.
- 4modules
- 12topics
- 75sub-topics
- 59memory points
- 2.0 hto read once
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How to use these notes
- Round 1: ReadStart with Topic 0, then read the general part (Topics 1 to 3) before any offence. Topics 1 to 4 and 6 are the most question-dense; Topic 7 is the most current-affairs heavy.
- Round 2: ReviseSwitch on Revision mode on any topic page to keep each section's key lists and tables, plus the Memory Capsule at the end of the topic. Rewrite the comparison tables (abetment, conspiracy, attempt; theft, extortion, robbery, dacoity) from memory.
- Last week: RecallUse the rapid-recall sheet (IPC to BNS sections, the exceptions section map, case-to-principle and number facts), then Topic 11 and practice MCQs.
Full syllabus map
Every topic and sub-topic in this chapter, in study order.
Module 1Start Here and the General Part
The BNS and the IPC conversion table, then the principles every offence rests on: criminal liability, inchoate crimes and general exceptions.
1General Principles of Criminal Liability
Sub-topics
2Stages of Crime and Inchoate Crimes: Abetment, Conspiracy, Attempt
Sub-topics
3General Exceptions (BNS ss.14-44; IPC ss.76-106)
Sub-topics
- 3.1 Section map (BNS = IPC minus 62 up to s.94; then minus 62 again)
- 3.2 Mistake of fact (ss.14, 17; IPC 76, 79)
- 3.3 Judicial acts (ss.15-16; IPC 77-78)
- 3.4 Accident (s.18; IPC 80)
- 3.5 Necessity (s.19; IPC 81)
- 3.6 Infancy (ss.20-21; IPC 82-83)
- 3.7 Insanity (s.22; IPC 84)
- 3.8 Intoxication (ss.23-24; IPC 85-86)
- 3.9 Consent and related protections (ss.25-31; IPC 87-93)
- 3.10 Duress (s.32; IPC 94)
- 3.11 Trifles (s.33; IPC 95)
- 3.12 Right of private defence (ss.34-44; IPC 96-106)
Module 2Offences Against the Person and the State
Homicide, hurt, kidnapping and trafficking, then offences against the State, organised crime and terrorism.
4Offences Against the Human Body (BNS ss.100-146)
Sub-topics
- 4.1 Culpable homicide and murder
- 4.2 Death by negligence, hit and run, suicide, dowry death
- 4.3 Hurt and grievous hurt (ss.114-125; IPC ss.319-338)
- 4.4 Wrongful restraint and confinement (ss.126-127; IPC 339-348)
- 4.5 Kidnapping and abduction (ss.137-140; IPC 359-366)
- 4.6 Trafficking of persons (s.143; IPC s.370, 370A)
5Offences Against the State and Terrorism
Sub-topics
Module 3Property, Women and Children, Drugs and Currency
Theft to forgery, sexual and domestic offences and POCSO, and the NDPS and counterfeiting offences.
6Offences Against Property
Sub-topics
- 6.1 Theft and snatching (s.303-306; IPC 378-382)
- 6.2 Extortion (s.308; IPC ss.383-389)
- 6.3 Robbery and dacoity (ss.309-313; IPC 390-402)
- 6.4 Distinguishing theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity
- 6.5 Criminal misappropriation and criminal breach of trust (ss.314-317; IPC 403-414)
- 6.6 Cheating (s.318; IPC ss.415-420)
- 6.7 Mischief (s.324; IPC ss.425-440)
- 6.8 Criminal trespass and house-breaking (ss.329-334; IPC 441-462)
- 6.9 Forgery and related offences (ss.335-350; IPC 463-489)
7Offences Against Women and Children
Sub-topics
- 7.1 Rape and sexual offences (ss.63-73; IPC 375-376E)
- 7.2 Sexual harassment and other offences against women (ss.74-79; IPC 354-354D, 509)
- 7.3 Cruelty, dowry and domestic violence
- 7.4 Offences relating to marriage (ss.81-84; IPC 493-498)
- 7.5 Miscarriage and related offences (ss.88-92; IPC 312-318)
- 7.6 Offences against children in the BNS (ss.95-99; also s.139)
- 7.7 POCSO Act, 2012 (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences)
8Drug Trafficking and Counterfeiting
Sub-topics
Module 4Public Order, Punishment and Final Revision
Unlawful assembly and riot, theories and kinds of punishment, and a final sheet of cases, confusing pairs and numbers.
9Offences Against Public Tranquillity
Sub-topics
- 9.1 Unlawful assembly (s.189; IPC s.141)
- 9.2 Common object: s.190 (IPC s.149)
- 9.3 Rioting (s.191; IPC ss.146-148)
- 9.4 Affray (s.194; IPC ss.159-160)
- 9.5 Comparison: unlawful assembly, riot and affray
- 9.6 Promoting enmity and national integration (ss.196-197; IPC 153A, 153B)
- 9.7 Offences relating to religion (ss.298-302; IPC ss.295-298)
- 9.8 Statements conducing to public mischief (s.353; IPC s.505)
- 9.9 Public nuisance and orders to maintain peace
10Theories and Kinds of Punishment; Compensation to Victims of Crime
Sub-topics
11Final Revision Sheet: Landmark Cases, Confusing Pairs and Numbers
Sub-topics
Keep going
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